History of dance Essay

Additional credits task: Dance2Live Crew VS. Group on Feb. fifteenth, 2014 It was the first run through to watch a live move fight in the United States. Each crew’s execution intrigued me and even stunned me a ton due to their request toward moving and commitment to the group. Prior to watching this move rivalry, I have watched comparative move fights in motion pictures, which exclusively give me a feeling of forcefulness or radicalism. In any case, this move rivalry thoroughly changes my past impression. Each crewmember features their affection to hip-jump move. They truly appreciate what they are doing. One thing shocked me is that numerous members are kids, who are only four or five years of age. Despite the fact that they are exceptionally youthful, they treat the opposition truly and practice again and again so as to perform ideally. Various floor moves look extremely hard and are anything but difficult to get injured, yet those youthful members are not scared of and stressed over doing those troublesome floor moves. Rather, they attempt their best to move accurately despite the fact that they are not as quick and master as some more seasoned members. One four-year-old crewmember called Jim is perhaps the most youthful member in this opposition. Before the opposition started, I saw that he remained at the edge of the room and rehearsed his move developments without having a rest. Despite the fact that a while later he didn't get an opportunity to move during the fight, he despite everything continued moving and doing floor moves himself during every recess. At that point, I felt that Jim was genuinely excited about hip-jump move. He just moves for himself rather than only flaunting the troublesome floor moves. Then again, I can feel that all groups are not just for the last prize. Or maybe, they are charming to hip-bounce move. During each move fight, each crewmember has few moments to do some free-form move moves under DJ’s remixed music. As one of the crowd, I didn't feel how wild of each fight. Each artist consistently associated with the crowd and regarded it as an exhibition as opposed to an opposition. Some member artists missed the mood or committed errors, yet they were not bothered or surrendered, particularly the adolescent members. They all performed certainly and gladly. Regardless of whether they were acceptable at doing troublesome floor moves, they delighted in the stage and moved as most ideal as. From my own point of view, it was a great presentation. I can feel each dancer’s energy and love about hip-jump. Actually, individuals love hip-bounce move since it gives everybody opportunity to communicate regardless of where they are from or how old they are, much the same as Buddha Stretch and Rennie Harris. These two astounding hip-bounce dancers’ free-form move and tireless advancement of hip-jump culture assist youthful with peopling and youngsters, who presumably are experienced the neediness and separation, develop self-assurance and confidence. During the way toward moving hip-bounce and learning hip-jump, individuals can exhibit their character and even demeanor to life. Much the same as I have viewed during this move rivalry, hip-jump move interfaces individuals of various ages and various races together. In some cases they moved comparative moves, however they appeared in their one of a kind style. A few members were greater at floor moves than others, yet they were all profoundly occupied with the exhibition and in communicating, which were a higher priority than winning the opposition. Fundamentally, this move rivalry makes me more enthusiastic about hip-jump move than previously. Not just the move developments are cool and enjoyable to learn, yet in addition the way of life and soul of hip-bounce are expected to comprehend and obtain.

Costing Case Analysis Activity Based Costing

Question: Talk about theCosting Case Analysis for Activity Based Costing. Answer: Presentation: This undertaking covers different parts of costing examination. The costing examination will assist with killing equivocalness in count of the item cost dependent on the equations. The appraisal of the item cost can be either founded on traditional costing strategy or dependent on ABC or Activity Based Costing. The action based costing or ABC costing is increasingly exact in determining the expense of the item. Here in beneath would investigate various parts of costing and examination of expenses of items (Study 2016). Motivation behind a Cost Formula and the Components: Does anybody really realize the expense to work their own vehicle? In the event that they really know the figures they can without much of a stretch compute whether they can manage the cost of that vehicle or not. Individuals do regularly think little of the expense of working a vehicle or purchasing any item. The appraisal of cost of items is of gigantic significance to the business. This not just assists with keeping up the item cost and to cut it down further to remain serious. The cost recipes are significant for the evaluation of the expense to an association. The cost evaluation depends on certain recipes. The recipes are principally used to learn the expenses of different parts. The cost part incorporates fixed expense and variable cost (Smith 2016). The cost recipes are utilized to decide the expense of an item in the wake of considering all the expenses brought about or to be acquired in delivering something or presenting another action. If there should be an occurrence of an assembling organization which makes n number of things, a cost recipe assists with computing the complete expense in the wake of thinking about all the fixed expenses and variable expense of every item. The parts of the cost equation are as per the following: Fixed expenses These expenses are fixed expense and doesn't increment or decline with the quantity of items. The fixed expense resemble lease of an industrial facility, compensation of staff, protection cost and so forth. These expenses can be brought about month to month/quarterly/yearly. At certain degree of creation the fixed costs continues as before. If there should be an occurrence of increment of creation past certain limit may impact the fixed cost else it stays fixed independent of number of units delivered or produced. Variable expenses The expenses are caused in relation to the quantity of items. The reduction in number of unit fabricate or the expansion would have proportionate effect on the complete variable expense of the item. So if the quantity of items increments or decline, the variable expense may consequently increment or diminishing. These expenses are not consistent like materials, work wages, and cost of another item required delivering the principle item. There are some others costs which are additionally indispensable piece of the creation are duel in nature. Those expenses are either halfway fixed or mostly factor. These expenses are named as Semi-Fixed expense or Semi-Variable cost (Economics 2016). Assurance of Cost Formula: The cost recipe is essentially founded on the assignment of cost and of the overhead. The material expense depends on the genuine amount of material utilized for creation of one unit of products. The distribution of material expense would be founded on the quantity of units delivered increased by the real amount of material utilized for creation of every unit. This is a noteworthy piece of the creation. The merchandise are to be created by the allotment of materials. The expense of materials is to be duplicated by the all out material utilized. This would reflect in evaluation of all out material costs utilized for the creation of the unit. John assembled information for most recent two years and made the estimation of the expense of merchandise delivered by his organization. As indicated by him forecast model of overheads designation would help increase creation. The appraisal of the expectation model is significant perspective for the business. They have concluded that if the work hours and the machine hours are expanded significantly, would it help to accomplish better creation and decrease the expense per unit. In this association the evaluation of the overhead dependent on the expanded work hour and machine hours become significant. The work hour cost is $80 every hour and they are wanting to build our work hours to 8,500 and machine time to 2,300 hours. This would altogether build the creation and furthermore increment the expense of the items delivered. The cost recipe is resolved based on the portion of cost and the cost capacities. This methodology of cost designation would give legitimate sign of the real expense of each bike delivered. When the division and the estimation of the expense based on work hour and machine hour is finished, it would uncover the genuine expense of the item. This sort of allotment and the computation of cost are considered as ABC costing where movement based allocation of the merchandise happens (Johnson 2016). The genuine elements that are considered during learning of the expenses are as following: The recognizable proof of the exercises of creation and division of the expense appropriately. The order of every action dependent on the strategy for division like number of unit machine hour, work hour. The ID and the figuring of aggregated expense of every unit and the absolute expense. The decision of most proper cost drivers The estimation of all out units of the cost driver and the movement pace of every unit created Use of the expense of every movement based on the allocation strategy. Cost thing Conceivable cost driver (units) Pay rates/advantages of staff individuals absolute hours worked by the staff part Pay rates (not recognizable by program) Absolute hours worked by the staff part (if recognizable) number of recipients/absolute recipients; absolute expenses of program/all out expenses of association; all out staff Office space lease and offices support all out staff Sq. ft. involved per program/all out sq. ft. Utilities all out office staff Supplies all out provisions IT equipment and support all out PCs IT programming licenses Number of programming licenses used Deterioration (hardware) all out hardware all out hours utilized Legitimate expenses all out hours charged by association Mutual promoting materials and publicizing costs Materials requested by program all out promotions (if accessible) Memberships generally staff Preparing, generally staff Assurance of the Costs as Requested by Jon Cruise: Island Wheels Ltd Technique for Apportionment Street Trek BMX All out Units Produced 1500 1000 500 Direct Material Materials Used gm 750 1400 850 3000 All out Materials 1125000 1400000 425000 2950000 Work Overhead Direct Labor hours 2.5 3 1.5 7 All out work Hour 3750 3000 750 7500 Machine related overhead Machine hours 1 0.5 0.25 1.75 All out Machine Hour 750 700 212.5 1662.5 Assessed Cost All out Cost Direct Material 472,000 180,000 224,000 68,000 Work Overhead 37000 18500 14800 3700 Machine related overhead 43000 19398 18105 5496 On the off chance that the quantity of work hours and the machine hours are expanded fundamentally, at that point the expense of every unit created will be unique. All out work hours devoured is 7500 hours and in the event that it is expanded to 8500 hours. The work cost will increment by $80,000. On the off chance that the machine time is expanded to 2300 hours, the additional machine hours would be $51000. This would at last increment the overhead expense yet in addition increment the creation simultaneously. Ascertain the Product Cost: Island Wheels Ltd Technique for Apportionment Street Trek BMX All out Units Produced 1500 1000 500 Direct Material Materials Used gm 750 1400 850 3000 All out Materials 1125000 1400000 425000 2950000 Work Overhead Direct Labor hours 2.5 3 1.5 7 All out work Hour 3750 3000 750 7500 Machine related overhead Machine hours 1 0.5 0.25 1.75 All out Machine Hour 750 700 212.5 1662.5 Assessed Cost All out Cost Direct Material 472,000 180,000 224,000 68,000 Work Overhead 37000 18500 14800 3700 Machine related overhead 43000 19398 18105 5496 Real Cost Complete Cost Direct Material 472,000 180,000 224,000 68,000 Work Overhead 600,000 300,000 240,000 60,000 Machine related overhead 133,000 60,000 56,000 17,000 Cost of Product 1,205,000 540,000 520,000 145,000 The evaluated cost of the cycles won't coordinate with the genuine expense. The cost drivers will decide the expense of overhead fundamentally higher. Along these lines the distribution of the expense in the premise of machine hours and work hours would be improper. It ought to be connected to number of bikes created (Accountingcoach 2016). Clarify the Concept of ABC: ABC named as Activity-bas

Essay Topics For African American Literature

Essay Topics For African American LiteratureWriting an essay is one of the most important parts of the college and university. It shows your maturity, intelligence, creativity and information that you have learned in the classroom and in your work experience.One of the most significant aspects to essay writing is to consider the topic that you will be covering. This is the foundation of the essay. Here are some tips to consider when it comes to essay topics for African American literature.Focus on a theme. Some people can write essays about books that they read. Others can write a particular period of time in history. So if you want to have an African American literature essay with no bias towards any era or genre of literature, then you have to choose a theme that you feel comfortable with.Focus on a writer. It is best to choose a writer that is close to you. Ask them to be the basis of your essay. Be open-minded and willing to learn about other work by African American writers. Thi s will help you when you are researching their works and thinking about your own.Research a writer online or go to a local library. You might even find a literary agent that can help you with this part of the process. You need to know how a writer would write about a topic you are covering in your essay. When you understand the process, it will make it easier for you to write your own work.Focus on the characters and story of the book. You might write a brief summary of what the character says in the book. Then write a few sentences on why that character said it. Then use this summary as the foundation of your essay. Remember to include a short synopsis on each character and what makes them unique and special.Make your essay relevant. The biggest aspect of a topic for African American literature essay is that you have to get to the point and focus on a theme. But then you also need to think about using something personal to make it personal to you. Make sure you relate it to yoursel f. Be creative and use interesting examples of things that you have seen and experienced.It is important to get to the point and get the right words and content down. It is important to build a solid base before you jump into writing a masterpiece.

This Earth of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer Essay

Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s This Earth of Mankind is an allegorical novel describing the growth of protagonist Minke during the pre-awakening of colonized Java. Set in 1898 during the period of imperial Dutch domination over all aspects of Javan life, the novel provides a clear image of the political and social struggles of a subjugated people through the point of view of a maturing youth. Using several of his novel’s major characters as allegorical symbols for the various stages of awareness the citizens of Java have of Indonesia’s awakening as a modern nation, Toer weaves together an image of the rise of an idyllic post-colonial Indonesia with modern views of Enlightenment ideals. Toer’s portrayal of Annelies Mellema as innocent and†¦show more content†¦Toer likens the invasion of the Dutch to Annelies’s sexual assault from her older brother, Robert Mellema who identifies himself as Dutch despite his mixed upbringing. The brutal nature of Rob ert’s rape of Annelies is symbolic of the severe physical and psychological damage done to the Javan people by the Dutch that can never be forgotten. At the conclusion of the novel, the Dutch court decides to forcibly send Annelies to the Netherlands to live with Maurits Mellema, the legitimate son of her father Herman because they did not identify Nyai Ontosoroh as her legal guardian. Worse still, Annelies’s relocation is enforced despite the fact that she legally married Minke showcasing the utter lack of regard the Dutch had for Javan traditions and culture. Annelies’s acceptance of her departure is not only symbolic of Java’s acknowledgement that the Dutch have undoubtedly left inalterable repercussions on Javan society but also of the approach of Indonesian awakening. She states â€Å" Like Mama before, Mama, I too will never return home† which is Toer’s implication that Java is on a fixed path to societal change and will never again re capture the innocence of the pre-colonialism world fueling the start of the rebellion (Toer 357). Toer generates his image of an ideal post-colonialism Indonesia through his characterization of Nyai Ontosoroh, a character who displays many of the principles of the Enlightenment. In Toer’s time,Show MoreRelatedThe Power and Limitains of Women in This Earth Of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer927 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel This Earth Of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer, discrimination against social structure, race, and gender is apparent. The setting is in the Indies, or now called Indonesia. At that time, there are terms for different races in the book, which are â€Å"Native† indicating someone who is pure Indonesian, â€Å"Indo† a half European and half Indonesian, and â€Å"Pure Blood† or â€Å"European† when someone is pure European. An Indo and a Pure Blood receives more respect in society than a Native. FurthermoreRead MoreLiterary Ana lysis: Gender Issues in This Earth of Mankind, by Pramoedya Ananta Toer1122 Words   |  5 PagesOver the course of Pramoedya Ananta Toer s novel, This Earth of Mankind, a slew of issues relevant to the period of the colonialization of Indonesia by the Dutch are raised. These range from the influence of Western civilizations on the cultures of their Eastern colonies, to the impact of race on the opportunities one would have in Dutch-controlled Indonesia. However, one issue that stands out and is continually brought to light throughout the novel is that of gender, and the roles it inherentlyRead MoreThis Earth Of Mankind Has Been A Cruel Yet Memorable Story By Pramoedya Ananta Toer1636 Words   |  7 PagesThis Earth of Mankind has been a cruel yet memorable story by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. This Earth of Mankind, the first in a collection of four novels, gives the readers a glimpse into the colonial period of the Dutch Indies. Minke, a young Native man, narrates the story and shares his thoughts throughout the novel. The basic premise of the story revolves around Minke experiencing many social injustices, meeting remarkable characters, and developing his own opinion on the world around him. Tragedy

The Self Esteem Of Adolescent Females Through Delving Into...

The thoughts and feelings we hold about ourselves involves self-esteem (Myers, Willse, Villalba, 2011). Challenging boundaries, discovering our beliefs and values, and exploring who we are as people starts in adolescence (Arnett, 2013). Usually personality and self-esteem conflict is often challenged at an increased rate in females in the midst of this period of transition (McNeely Blanchard, 2010). By definition we are designing a group proposal to develop and expand the self-esteem in adolescent females through delving into and reconnoitering the numerous facets of one’s identity and educating and incorporating new abilities in the course of development. This proposal will deliver contextual material of group counseling and self-esteem. A framework of the prospective group program and analysis of the details of the group will also be discussed. How the group will be conducted in an ethical manner will be discussed as well as closing reports. The Presenting Issue A couple years after adolescents reach their teen years, they will have encountered various life events that have affected their self-esteem both negatively and positively. There are two components that incorporate self-esteem such as effectiveness or capability and self-worth (Young, 2009). As stated by Young (2009), effectiveness is related to an individual’s confidence that they can accomplish several activities in varying circumstances, and self-dignity, is more a world-wide experiential feeling that one is

Social Media And Social Networking Sites - 3053 Words

INTRODUCTION The social sites these days are gaining a lot of popularity with almost all of the educated youth using one or more of the social networking sites. These have played a crucial in bridging boundaries and crossing the seas and enabling them to communicate on a common platform( Dinh ,2011).The increased use of social networking sites has become an international phenomenon in the past several years. Through these websites everyone connect with their peers , share information ,reinvent their personalities and showcase their social lives (Boyd , 2007).Many people have internet on their phone and a touch of a button check their mails ,their Facebook , movie times, their bank balances etc. Some people argue that the use of social sites in the workplace leads to better employee productivity such as higher morale and other argue that the use of social networking sites in the workplace regulate in loss of labour productivity due to time wasted at work (Wavecrest, 2006).In todays world Facebo ok , Twitter ,Myspace are common websites for people to meet and make acquaintances. MAJOR SOCIAL MEDIA SITES FACEBOOK :It was founded in february 2004 and since has become the most popular website in the UK and the most popular social network in the world having social network available in 70 languages with over 800 million members worldwide and more than 425 million monthly active user including features as : †¢ Posting ,reading and responding to advertisements †¢ SearchingShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And Social Networking Sites1074 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Social networking sites (SNS) such as Facebook, Twitter, Skype, Pinterest, and MySpace are being used among adolescent and college age individuals for several hours per day. The overwhelming use of SNS within this younger generation has been studied in numerous journals. Cyber bulling has become a serious concern that directly relates to Facebook users that make up this younger generation. Although SNS are intended to be a portal that encourages positive connections and behavior, thereRead MoreSocial Media And Networking. Online Social Media Sites1285 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Media and Networking Online social media sites enable users to connect with other people who share similar interests. Members of the social networking world can post news, videos, pictures, and other content. The huge popularity of these social media sites has generated debate on a variety of issues, including safety concerns, privacy, and usage. A social network is â€Å"an online service or site through which people create and maintain interpersonal relationships† (Merriam-Webster 2017). SocialRead MoreSocial Networking Sites For New Media Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction New media has been easily made available everywhere and Facebook in particular as one of the world most popular social networking site (SNS) can be made accessible from desktops, laptops, smartphones and tablet because of this, almost everybody can have access to Facebook anywhere they go. For the most reason, due to the introduction of new media, Facebook plays a key role communication and staying in touch with families, friends, acquaintances, businesses, groups meetings and a wholeRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1563 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media has consumed our society. 47% of American adults used social networking sites in 2011 like Facebook, Myspace, and Twitter; up from 26% in 2008(quoted from procon.org) the aspects of social media both have a positive and negative impact on life. Social networking sites promote interaction with distant family and friends. Social networking sites can demonstrate opportunities to strengthen existing relationships and to de velop new friendships as well. The downfall of social media sitesRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society1033 Words   |  5 PagesAre you concerned about the use of social media? Although the use of social media may concern only the slightest percent of people, it is still a very important privilege that many people around the world don’t have access to. Social media is important because in spite of the fact that there are many safety concerns, the use of social media is of great significance because it enables people to be able to connect with anyone they want whenever they want. Anyone can see why this might be a problemRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1359 Words   |  6 PagesPeople may say social media is good for you but is it really? Everyday, everywhere I always see people on social media calling people bad names, not being able to communicate face to face with each other. Social media, social media, social media†¦ oh what is has done to the world, so many students grades have dropped, criminals PROMOTE crimes. Ultimately, what is at stake here is social media will one day take over the world. People’s safety will be in danger, crimes will increase, people will getRead MorePositive Impact Of Social Media Essay821 Words   |  4 Pagesis today through social networking. According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, the phrase â€Å"social media† refers to â€Å"forms of electronic communication through which users create online communities in order to share information, ideas, and other content† (687). Information is readily available at one’s fingertips at any given moment. Social networking has evolved into one of the most common forms of communication since the launching of some of the earliest social networking sites, including ClassmatesRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Networking On Society1317 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Social Networking Intro Over half of the world uses the internet. 2.2 billion people actively use any kind of social networking. There were 176 million new users of social media just last year (Regan 1). With the influence of so many people a pressing question: Is the impact of social media harmful or beneficial in its effects? Social networking is one of the biggest reports of online traffic. So, if so many people are using these networking sites, what are the effects on us? The â€Å"first†Read MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society Essay1416 Words   |  6 Pages Social media sites, including Facebook, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Twitter, and Instagram, provide opportunities for people to connect with each other and have become exceedingly popular in recent years. However, there are increased numbers of mental health problems such as mood problems, emotional issues, and addiction in teenagers as they overuse social media. Advocates of social media may claim that social networking platforms benefit adolescents by increasing connectivity, helping people make friendsRead MoreEssay about The Role of Social Media in American Society 1127 Words   |  5 PagesWhen analyzing the role of social media in American society, several questions come to mind. What is social media and are these social media and networking sites helpful to the people of America; can these sites be used to enhance or do they intrude in the relationships people have with others, a nd can they be integrated into their daily lives successfully. As the world becomes more and more technology friendly, the internet has transformed into a place that nearly everyone can go to get away. With

Down Syndrome 3 Essay Research Paper Down free essay sample

Down Syndrome 3 Essay, Research Paper Down Syndrome Down Syndrome is a chromosomal upset. It occurs in about 1 of every 800 births. Peoples with Down syndrome may hold mild to severe larning disablements. Physical symptoms include a little skull, excess creases of tegument under the eyes, and a protruding lingua. Peoples with Down syndrome are capable to a assortment of medical jobs including bosom abnormalcies and thyroid secretory organ disfunction. Survival rates have been increased dramatically in recent old ages as jobs specific to Down syndrome become known, leting the early intervention. The life anticipation of people with Down syndrome now approaches that of people with out it. Normally it s around 55 old ages old. You would hold legion abnormalcies ; it wouldn t spell over good in school. Peoples don t accustom to that really good in public schools. The familial cause for Down syndrome is when a individual inherits all or portion of an excess transcript of chromosome 21. We will write a custom essay sample on Down Syndrome 3 Essay Research Paper Down or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Trisomy 21, the heritage of an full 3rd transcript of this chromosome, histories for 95 per centum of Down syndrome instances. Two other abnormalcies each history for 2 to 3 per centum of all instances. The first, translocation, takes topographic point when a kid inherits an excess piece of chromosome 21 attached to a different chromosome. The 2nd, called mosaic Down syndrome, consequences when merely some cells in the organic structure have the excess chromosome. There is no remedy for Down syndrome although antenatal trials are available to place foetuss with the upset. Down syndrome can be diagnosed merely by looking at the babe at birth. The facial characteristics and features can state you that. If the go toing doctor suspects Down syndrome, a karyotype a blood or tissue sample stained to demo chromosomes grouped by size, figure, and form will be performed to verify the diagnosing. The most familiar physical traits of Down syndrome include: + Low musculus tone + Flat seventh cranial nerve profile + Upward angle to the eyes + Abnormal form and little size of the ears + Single deep fold acro ss the centre of the thenar + Excessive ability to widen the articulations + Fifth finger has one bending joint alternatively of two + Small tegument creases on the interior corners of the eyes + Excessive infinite between big and 2nd toe + Enlargement of lingua in relationship to size of oral cavity The bulk of these defects can be corrected, ensuing in long-run wellness betterments. Children with Down syndrome besides tend to hold increased susceptibleness to infection, respiratory jobs, obstructed digestive piece of lands, and childhood leukaemia. With Down syndrome there is no therapy except some of the defects listed above can be corrected like I stated. But the characteristics of the face remain and can non be fixed unlike the other 1s that can be fixed. There would be no therapy in the hereafter that I can happen in my research. Yes, it is possible to observe Down syndrome when the baby is in the womb. You can make so by testing trials like the Triple Screen and the Alpha-fetoprotein Plus. Both trials step measures of assorted substances in the female parent s blood, and together with the adult female s age, gauge her hazard of holding a kid with Down syndrome. Typically they are offered between 15 and 20 hebdomads of gestation. More accurate are diagnostic trials, which include chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis, and transdermal umbilical blood sampling. While these processs are about 98 % to 99 % accurate in their sensing of Down syndrome there is an increased hazard of abortion because these trials are performed inside the womb. Because of this hazard, they are recommended chiefly for adult females over the age of 35. For familial guidance, there is no possible manner to halt Down syndrome from go oning. It s inherited and it merely depends on if the chromosome 21 gets a 3rd chromosome. Person with Down syndrome could hold a kid and it could be absolutely normal merely depends on the count of chromosome 21. Mentions www.kidshealth.org ( 5 pgs. ) Encarta Online Premium ( 2 pgs. )

Nutrition Exam Essay Example

Nutrition Exam Paper What is traditionally used to determine intensity of aerobic activity? Heart Rate What is a disease caused by a nutritional deficiency? scurvy, goider, rickets What are some examples of a nutrient? carbohyrates, minerals, vitamins Name the macronutrients? carbs, fats and oils, proteins What nutrient is the most energy dense? Fats Name some micronutrients? vitamins and minerals Vitamins are classified into two groups, ________________ and ___________________. fat-soluble and water-soluble What are four characteristics of a healthful diet ? Adequate, moderate, balanced, variety What is required on all food labels? 1. Statement of Identity 2. Ingredients List 3. Nutritional Facts Panel The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends a minimum of how much moderate activity most days? 30 mins. Foods high in sugar promote what? Obesity, unhealthy diet and body Excess sodium in the diet is linked to ____________________ in some individuals. High Blood Pressure What is nutrient density? Most nutrients for their calories Healthier fat sources include ________ and canola oil. Olive and Canola Oil Hunger is best described as what? Physiological sensation that prompts us to eat. The smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down by natural means are what? Atoms What are the structural levels of the human body organized into (smallest to largest) ? Atomic, Molecular, cellular, tissue, organs, organ system, organism Why are cell membranes called semi permeable? It allows things to enter or leave the cell. What is the powerhouses of the cell that produces energy from food molecule called? Mitochondria What is the term that describes the process by which the foods we eat are broken down into smaller components by either mechanical or chemical means? Digestion What is the role that the liver plays in digestion and absorption of nutrients? 1. Produces Bile 2. Filters Blood (removes toxins) Most digestion and absorption occurs in the _____________________ . Small Intestines. The mechanical and chemical digestion of food is initiated in the ________________ . Mouth Salivary amylase is an ___________________ . Enzyme What are the component of the gastric juices? Hydrochloric Acid, Pepsin, Gastric Lipase, Mucus What is chyme? Partially Digested A primary function of the mucus in the stomach is to do what? Protect the stomach lining What macronutrient is NOT broken down chemically in the stomach? Carbohydrates Proteins that induce chemical changes to speed up body processes are called ? Enzymes Responding to the presence of fat in our meal, the gallbladder releases a substance called __________________ . Bile Which of the organ is responsible for the manufacturing and secretion of insulin and glucagon, as well as many digestive enzymes? Pancreas The fingerlike projections of the small intestine that increase surface area and allow for the absorption of nutrients are called ? Villi In which organ does the majority of water absorption occur? Large Intestine What are probiotics? Live-Microorganisms thought to be healthy for host organsim (Lactic acid bacteria) What are the end product of photosynthesis? Glucose Single units (molecules) of carbohydrates are called ? Monosaccharides The term complex carbohydrates refers what? poly-saccharides (long chains of glucose molecules) Found in liver and skeletal muscle cells, _______________ is the storage form of glucose in animals Glycogen What is gluconeogenesis ? Production of glucose During periods of rest and low intensity activity the body uses ________ as its predominant fuel source. fat In the absence of carbohydrate, ______________ are produced from body fat as an alternative fuel for the brain. ketones The fiber that is manufactured and added to foods and fiber supplements is called ___________________ . Functional Fiber What health benefits are associated with consumption of soluble fibers? 1. Reduce risk of Type 2 Diabetes 2. Helps digestion What is associated with diets high in added sugars? 1. Cavities 2. Obesity 3. Decreased levels of good cholesterol Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the body doesnt process __________________ properly. Glucose Why is yogurt tolerated better than milk by many lactase-deficient people? The bacteria in yogurt helps digest the lactose What are lipids? Fats and insoluble in water Most fat in the diet is in the form of ______________________________ . Saturated A fatty acid that contains no double bonds is called what? Trans fat What fatty acid is generally a solid at room temperature? saturated What foods are rich sources of monounsaturated fatty acids? Olive oil and Canola Oil What food is the richest source of omega-3 fatty acids? Salmon (fish) The process of adding hydrogen to an unsaturated fatty acid and creating a more solid fat is called what? Hydrogenation Diets high in trans fatty acids are associated with what problem? Can raise LDL levels What ingredient would alert you to the presence of trans fatty acids in a product? partially hydrogenated or shortening Why are phospholipids NOT an essential nutrient? They are manufactured in our body ____________________ are the key structural component of a cells membrane. Phospholipids The majority of fat digestion and absorption occurs in the ______________________ . Small Intestines To facilitate the digestion of dietary fats, the gallbladder stores and releases a substance known as ________________ . biles Where in the body are the majority of triglycerides stored for future energy needs? Adipose Tissue The longer an individual exercises, the more ___________________ is used for energy. Fat One potential problem with a very low-fat diet is that it may be deficient in _________________________ . Essential Fatty Acids What type of dietary fat is known to elevate blood cholesterol levels? Saturated Fat What is the leading cause of death in the United States? Cardiovascular Disease Diets high in ______________________ have been shown to decrease blood levels of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). Omega-3 Fatty Acids The production of HDL is increased by _________________ . Omega-3 or excercise What element makes protein different from carbohydrate and fat? Nitrogen The ________________________ gives each amino acid its distinct properties. Sidechains Polypeptides are strings of ____________________ amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. 10 or more What food is a source of complete proteins? Chicken In the human body, proteins are found where? Muscle What is the major function of protein in the human body? 1.Building, repairing body tissue 2. Maintaining acid-base balance 3. Maintaining fluids In the stomach, proteins are broken down into smaller peptides by _________________ . Pepsin The process of combining two incomplete proteins to make a complete protein is called what ______________________________ . Mutual Supplementation The type of vegetarian who consumes dairy products but excludes all other types of animal protein, is called a ________________________ . Lacto-vegetarian The proteins that help defend the body against bacteria, toxins and allergens are called what? Antibodies In the absence of adequate dietary carbohydrate the body can breakdown protein to provide glucose to the brain by a process known as what? Gluconeogenesis What best describes denaturation? 1.(Heat) 2. Chemical Reaction that causes a protein to lose its shape and function What is a complete protein? Contains all nine essential amino acids Where does the absorption of proteins occur ? Small Intestine What health problem has been associated with high protein intakes? High Cholesterol ________________ is the waste product that forms when nitrogen is removed from the amine group during amino acid metabolism. Urea What is edema? An abnormal fluid imbalance beneath the skin (swollen) After amino acids are absorbed in the small intestine they are transported by the blood stream directly to the ____________________ Liver What does aerobic mean? With Oxygen What would be the best fluid replacement for events lasting less than one hour? Water What is the primary mechanism by which the human body dissipates heat? (Evaporative Cooling), Sweating, Perspiration To avoid ________ contamination during pregnancy, fish consumption should not exceed 12 ounces a week. Mercury A low-birth-weight infant will weigh how much? less than 5.5 lbs In which trimester of pregnancy is the fetus the most vulnerable to teratogens? 1st A normal-weight woman should gain approximately ________ during pregnancy. 25-35 lbs On average, Americans have a life expectancy that reaches into what age? late 70s What is traditionally used to evaluate the level of intensity of aerobic activity? heart rate What is the FIT principle ? Frequency (how much), Intensity, Time (how long) To achieve muscular fitness it is recommended that training should occur at least how many days? 2-3 days What describes fat-soluble vitamins? 1. Insoluble in water 2. Micronutrients 3. Soluble in fat The best known role that vitamin A plays in the human body is what ? Vision Where do humans obtain vitamin D? Sunlight What is the primary dietary source of vitamin D for humans? Milk What food preparation method would cause the greatest loss of vitamin C? Frying What are rich sources of vitamin C besides citric fruit? Broccoli and Spinach What term is synonymous with the word malignant? Cancerous What is a mineral? Organic Micronutrient The ________ diet has been used successfully to treat hypertension. D.A.S.H. Diets rich in ________ are associated with maintaining healthy blood pressure levels. Potassium The major dietary source of iodine is _____________________ . Table Salt A deficiency of ________ is the most common deficiency worldwide. Iron The spongy bone found within the ends of long bones is called what? Trabecular Bone What is the most abundant mineral in our body? Calcium The majority of our bodys fluoride is stored in the ___________________ .. Teeth and Bones ___ ___ % of an adults healthy body weight is fluid. 50% to 70% The majority of the bodys fluid is found where? Within the cell What is the primary reason we sweat? Regulates Body Temperature What is the function of the cerebrospinal fluid? 1. Protects brain 2. Acts as shock absorber Which organ is primarily responsible for maintaining fluid balance? Kidney Which of the groups are the MOST vulnerable to dehydration? Infants and Elderly ________ is a potentially fatal condition characterized by the failure of the bodys heat-regulating mechanisms. Heat Stroke ________ is a potentially fatal condition characterized by the failure of the bodys heat-regulating mechanisms. Heat Stroke Moderate alcohol consumption has been linked with a reduced risk of what disease? Cardiovascular Disease What athletes would benefit from using a sports drink to meet their hydration needs? Marathon Runner and Long Distance Runner A body weight that exceeds 100% of the normal standard for a given height is called what? Morbid Obesity How is body mass index is determined ? Ratio of body weight to height The three components of total energy expenditure are what? 1. BMR 2. Thermic effect of food 3. How is energy expended An apple-shaped fat pattern increases a persons risk for what diseases? Cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes What assessment technique can be used to evaluate an individuals fat distribution pattern? Waist Circumference What describes the energy balance equation? Energy Intake = Energy Expended Skinfold measurements, underwater weighing, and the Bod Pod ® all measure what? Body Composition What is the set point theory? Your body has a set range that it wants to keep your weight at. What type of weight loss will an individual experience by restricting calories but not increasing his or her level of physical activity? Lean Body Mass Obesity is classified as having a BMI of what? 30-39.9 What best describes an eating disorder? 1. Abnormal eating 2. Atypical eating 3. Anorexia What type of eating disorder is characterized by episodes of bingeing and purging ? Bulimia Nervosa What is exercise? 1. Purposeful 2. Planned 3. Structured Physical Activity The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends engaging in a minimum of ________ minutes of moderate physical activity most days of the week. 30 mins. ____________ is the ability to carry out daily tasks with vigor and alertness, without undue fatigue. Physical Fitness What is meant by the overload principle? The principle of overload states that a greater than normal stress or load on the body is required for training adaptation to take place. The body will adapt to this stimulus. Once the body has adapted then a different stimulus is required to continue the change.

White Rabbits Essay

White Rabbits Essay White Rabbits Essay The Rabbits NotesJames Grafton Goes from Belonging (i.e. connection to the land)- Not Belonging ( rejection from theland ), due to conflict of societies. The undertone of this novel pertains to the belonging toa specific group or culture– and the novel metaphorically represents the possums asaborigines, and the white settlers - cleverly tying in thecontemporary issue of Australia’sinequality. Initially: Uses colour in first few pages to represent a connection to the land – brown, redand yellow – earthly colours that effectively work together in creating adefinitive environment o They work with the land instead of abusing it â€Å"Brown possums† raised as the inhabitants - there is a conflict in colour whenthe white rabbits enter the land o Foreshadows tension further on Juxtaposing positions of societies on double page spread – brown on left, whiteright. Hiatus represents a conflict of interest, further with a conflict in colour – white environment consists of dark, grayscale - reflective of their technologicaladvancementProgression: Book progresses, so too does dissolution of the brown rabbit’s belonging Marsden uses repetition of text â€Å"There were too many rabbits† to exemplify thenewfound dominance of the rabbits in a forceful attempt to belong to the land - superficial and forced belonging to place. Violence as a symbolic representation of the limitations of the cultures, whichcreates a sub concept of conflict. Juxtaposition of weapons, especially in size anddetail – white rabbits are larger in size, greater detail, and greater number. Feebleopposition of brown rabbits – limited, uses elements of the earth as opposed tomanufactured goods - destruction of brown rabbits o Upon brown depletion, comes a depletion in colour within the world – turns grayscale progressively w/ houses, buildings and farms  Signifying the NOT belonging to place by the black rabbits Post-destruction: Brown rabbits are framed to the left of the page, enshrouded by technologicaladvancement and the vectors of a fence lead them to be seen as prisoners Black colour dominates final pages to suggest lack of life, lack of belonging – colour and light used as symbols Low key colours + vector of horizon leads reader’s eyes towards a huge jail wall,framed to the left of the page. The text â€Å"the land is bare and brown and the wind blows across the plains† sits above the horizon’s vector – although the whiterabbits occupy the land, they do not belong to it, hence Marsden’s use of â€Å"bare† o Furthers link between black rabbits and the land â€Å"Wind blows empty† is mysterious imagery to show the rejection that naturalelements now have towards the land, and suggests that the white rabbits havedestroyed the landscape - superficial colonization and forced belonging / signifies

Discuss the content and visual strategies Essay

Discuss the content and visual strategies - Essay Example Despite the authors portraying different cultural and political issues, there are similarities between the two graphic novels. In the story Maus, Spiegelman explores the experiences of holocaust survivors. The author is able to achieve this through an interview, which involves his father. The sentiments and experiences of the author’s father are instrumental in the novel since he was a polish Jew and witnessed the holocaust(Hungerford 28). The author depicts the experiences documented from the interview with his father using a postmodern approach of animal characters. For instance, the Jews are likened with mice characters while the Poles and Germans are pigs and cats respectively. The political and social situation experienced in the period is evident in the characterization of Spiegelman’s work. The work is unique since the political events are inclined towards the Jewish perspective hence portraying the experiences of the victims. In Spiegelman’s work, the mos t salient inclusion is the use of animal characters. It is apparent that the author has employed a combination of symbolism, allegory and imagery in order to illustrate the story. The animal choices are deliberate since they have symbolic intonations. Considering the perspective of the author, the symbolism of rats, which was the animal character of Jews depicted the negative perceptions of the poles and Germans towards the Jews. The character suggests that the Jews were viewed as pests. The symbolism of Germans as cats showed that they preyed on the hapless Jews, while the character depicting the Poles as pigs was based on the Germans referring to the poles as such. This symbolism also suggested that the poles were cunning and only sought to serve their interests. There are other characters in the book whereby the Americans and the French are represented by the animal characters of dogs and frogs respectively. The novel also involves allusion off actual incidences and places that w ere experienced during the holocaust. This can be attributed to the contribution of his father who was a witness of the holocaust. It is safe to make the assumptions that the information in the book is presented with accuracy. This is evident in the character of Vladek whereby there is evidence the events presented by the character coincide with historical fact. In addition, the author includes an actual map of the infamous Auschwitz a concentration camp a venue that was used during the holocaust (Hungerford 31). The map of the camp is instrumental in depicting the dire situation the Jews faced during the period. From the picture, the audience can tell that it was impossible to escape from the camp reiterating the helpless situation, which the Jews experienced. The comic strip in Maus was instrumental in reinforcing the author’s sentiments. The use of illustrations made it possible for the audience to connect emotionally with the work. Some of the emotions, which can be exper ienced in the comic strip, include frustration, despair anticipation, anger and relief (Hungerford 32). The art appears to spill from the frames illustrating excitement. This is an indication of the feelings being experienced in the characters in this instance the birth of Richiev. In order to increase the effect of the art to the audience, the author fractured, interconnected and broadened slides according to the message he was willing to send. In the novel Palestine, Sacco

Factors Affecting Customer-Centric Website Design Essay

Factors Affecting Customer-Centric Website Design - Essay Example The paper concludes that website designers must exploit Cloud technologies and use teams that are multicultural and gender sensitive when designing their websites if they truly want to make their customers the centre of their work. Introduction The infrastructure known as the Internet has been at the heart of globalisation, flattening the world, and causing disruptive change in business bringing about new models and new products and services. At its core the web browser has been the most visible interface for consumers and businesses to enjoy these changes brought about by the Internet. With increasing use and time spent on the internet, and with the accompanying information overload, businesses are seeking to capture differentiate themselves through website designs that attract and engage customers. It is within this context that web designers are being tasked to come up with customer-centred websites. Customer-centric web design aims at creating a website that is intended to meet t he specific needs of customers as opposed to all web visitors. When considering customer-centred design, Schneider (2011) recommends focusing on the customer buying process. Garrett (2003) suggested that there are six key areas that the web designer will need to focus on to enhance the users’ experience: visual design, information architecture, information design, navigation design, interaction design, and content. Given the highly fluid nature of the internet and its associated technologies, web designers are finding it difficult to design the much desired customer-centric websites. In the next section, the paper begins by trying to understand why customer-centric web design is so important for any individual or organisation that is putting up or has a website. After that the paper discusses three factors that make achieving customer-centric web design difficult. First it discusses the effect of culture and gender, then the impact of the emergence of the mobile web and f inally the rise of prosumerism. The paper then concludes with suggestions on possible techniques that web designers could use to tackle the challenge posed by these three factors. Literature Review Importance of Customer-Centric Web Designs Naturally, one would ask why is achieving customer-centric web designs so important to warrant its discussion? Porter (2001) argued that the internet weakened industry profitability by influencing the five forces that underlie industry structure. The Internet reduced switching costs and shifted bargaining power to end consumers. The web essentially changed the dynamics of the relationship between organisations and their customers. The customer is now more empowered and more in control of the relationship than ever before (Perfetti, 2006). The web has not only made it easier for customers to find alternatives but it has also lowered the costs they incur either in searching for alternatives or moving to them. Customers only care about that whic h is important to them. This means that if they cannot find the products, services or information that brought them to a particular website, they will simply go elsewhere. To prevent customers from going elsewhere makes it necessary for organizations to design their websites with the customer as the core focus. Also, it has been found that there is a big distinction between the numbers of people who visit a website and those

Social Inequality Essay Example for Free

Social Inequality Essay Learning targets: †¢Functionalists have a consensus view of society. They believe that people in society work together for the common good of all, this is known as the organic analogy. †¢All societies are unequal. Inequality of whole groups in the social structure is known as stratification. †¢Functionalists believe stratification is good for society. †¢Functionalists say that the best people get the best jobs because they are more talented and work harder. Poor people are poor because they do not work hard enough for the best positions. Key questions (AO1) What is the functionalist view of society? (AO1) What causes inequality according to functionalists? (AO2) What are the strengths of the functionalist view? (AO2) What are the weaknesses of the functionalist view of inequality? Summary of Key Points What is the functionalist view of society? Many early writers and philosophers viewed society as being like an animal or human body. They shared the view that all the separate parts of the body worked together to create something whole. They claimed that everybody works together for the common good of us all, as do body parts for the organism. This shared view is known as consensus theory because it is based on social agreement. Durkheim argued strongly for the organic analogy because he said we share values and norms. He said that different people in different jobs equate in social terms to the differing organisms of the body. Society itself is more than the sum of the people who go to make up that society. The supporting evidence is that things which happen to society will affect you regardless of your actions or opinions (e.g. war). Society lives on when individuals within it die. Durkheim’s ideas became the basis of functionalism. Functionalists say that society is based on shared norms and values. They say that the job of the sociologist is to look at how parts of society work together for the good of the whole society. Social cohesion (sticking together like glue) is maintained through shared rituals and activities, for example state events such as Coronations and funerals, shared consciousness such as reading the same newspapers and watching the same TV programmes and major events such as sporting occasions which make people feel united with each other. How do functionalists explain inequality? The term social inequality describes a condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth, prestige, or power. Some degree of social inequality is found in every society. When a system of social inequality is based on a hierarchy of groups, sociologists refer to it as stratification: a structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in a society. Ascribed status is a social position assigned to a person without regard for that persons characteristics, for example, being a Queen is an ascribed status, as is being a female. By contrast, achieved status is a social position attained by a person largely through his or her own effort. This can be positive or negative so a person can be an ex-prisoner or a judge. These are achieved statuses. Functionalists claim that inequality and stratification is functional for society and a source of social order. Davis and Moore proposed this theory in 1945. It was heavily criticised, particularly in the 1970s for being an extremely conservative theory by Tumin, who remains their foremost critic. For Davis and Moore Stratification is a system of status positions and jobs. The key point of the theory is that Stratification is universal and necessary. This is argued because all society is stratified. They argue that society is therefore a functional necessity. The theory focuses on the following: †¢How do people get to their proper positions? †¢How do we motivate people to fill these positions? †¢Once in position, how do you get people to do what is required? Davis and Moore went on to claim that society needs to fill the most important and difficult jobs with the most talented and hardworking people. If people were all paid the same regardless of their work, they would take the easiest jobs and do as little training as possible. There would be no incentive to work hard and do difficult educational courses. Society ensures that the most pay and the best working conditions go to those who are prepared to put the time and effort into working hard for them. The high rewards act as motivation for the years of work and preparation required for the difficult and responsible careers that some people choose. There have been many critics of the viewpoint, for example Kendall et al. point out that the functionalist approach generally ignores questions of structural inequality because it does not consider the social factors such as racial discrimination, lack of job opportunities, and the inadequate funding of many schools that may contribute to the persistence of inequality in society. Nevertheless, this theoretical perspective is very powerful. It emphasises the view that the jobs of power and importance are given to those with the most talent. It is clear that this type of theory is very attractive to those who have positions of power and wealth in society. It suggests those who are poor and powerless lack effort, talent and determination. How has functionalism influenced politics? Many belief systems suggest that poor people brought their difficult situations upon themselves. This type of theory has a long history in Britain, for example the famous philosopher Herbert Spencer argued that poverty was good for society as it encouraged people to work in order to avoid being poor. He said that the poor themselves deserved to suffer poverty because of their lack of morality. Those living on benefits today are often seen as being lazy, and the term dole scrounger was frequently employed by the press to describe people dependent on benefits in the 1970s and 1980s. Even today, young single mothers are often demonised as becoming pregnant to gain housing, despite there being very little research evidence to support this claim. This type of popular thinking resulted in the election of Margaret Thatcher in 1979, and led to the subsequent dominance of the thinkers of the New Right. The political and philosophical perspective known as the New Right is associated with the politicians Margaret Thatcher in the UK, and Ronald Reagan in the USA. The principles of the New Right are based on the theoretical viewpoints that are very close to functionalism. The New Right believe that inequality is inevitable in society. They go further and argue that we should have economic freedom. We should buy and sell as we wish this is known as market liberalism. It assumes that all people are customers who are rational and make good choices. As a result, there is a philosophy of choice so that parents are encouraged to choose schools for their children or hospitals if they become ill. The subtext is that people also choose to be poor. In Britain, the New Right became associated with underclass theory, which is supported by writers such as Charles Murray and David Saunders. These writers both claim that in the UK, benefit systems mean that people make a rational choice to stay poor, because it is easier to stay at home on the dole than go to work. They claim that some people go on to develop a culture that is state dependent, against traditional values, criminal, irresponsible and destructive. They suggest that people are often lazy and selfish so they must be encouraged to work by making welfare payments low enough to make life uncomfortable. People who live in areas where few people have work will develop a culture that encourages laziness. People get used to relying on others if life is made easy for them and all their self will and self-reliance is lost. They must be encouraged to take control of their own lives and by punitive methods such as having their benefits cut, if necessary. Criticisms include the way that it ignores the way that some people have more access to wealth, status and power than others, so effectively it ignores social structure. It does not take inequalities of class, gender, ethnicity, age and ability into account. There are dual standards, rich people are expected to be rewarded for their work by the incentive of high pay, but poor people should be expected to work to avoid poverty. Businesses should have the freedom to sell what they like, but families should follow strict rules of behaviour. It ignores bad behaviour among the rich, poor people are controlled, but not the wealthy. In addition, it makes odd assumptions about people, for instance, that they are naturally selfish, and that they do things for rational rather than cultural reasons. From a sociological point of view one of the most damning criticisms is that there is very little research evidence to back up what is claimed by the New Right. What is trickle-down theory? Trickle-down theory is sometimes used in an insulting way to describe a theory that has been popular among politicians of the New Right and who have functionalist views of society. The basic belief is that by cutting taxes to the rich and to businesses, then the whole population will benefit as the rich people spend their money and boost the economy. This type of thinking formed the basis of economic policy in the USA under President Reagan and in the UK under Margaret Thatcher. There is support for this kind of thinking in the writing of the influential economist, Keynes who said that tax cuts for the rich promote investment. There are still regular and frequent calls by political parties to cut taxes in order that people can spend more of their money. The most recent and widely reported call for tax cuts came from David Cameron, the leader of the Conservative Party in May 2008. In the 1980s, taxes were cut in Britain in a way that benefitted the rich in the hopes that it would boost the economy. Many taxes were abolished, such as capital gains tax which applies only to the wealthier people in society. At the same time, some taxes that affected everyone and possibly the poor more than others increased. In 1981, Value Added Tax (VAT) rose from 8% to 15% to pay for the tax cuts to the rich. In 1991 it was raised again to 17.5% by the Conservative government of John Major government to pay for cuts in the poll tax. In practical terms, the very rich are often low tax payers in view of what they earn. The TUC suggests that tax avoidance by the super-rich costs the British taxpayer  £13bn a year. They point out that this is enough money to increase old-age pensions by 20 per cent. Tax planning loopholes mean that the super-rich put money into the names of their families or live abroad for large portions of the year to avoid tax. The government has policies which support the super-rich so capital gains tax at is set at 18% when the top rate of income tax is 40%. There is still debate as to the effectiveness of the tax cuts in supporting the economy. It is certain that the rate of inequality in British society has been growing so that a reduction in the growth of inequality is now seen as a government achievement! Trickle down theories are not supported by economic evidence but still hold considerable influence over public policy making. What is the Functionalist Perspective on class? Functionalists have a positive view about inequality, since it is seen to motivate the less well off to aspire to the income and status enjoyed by the rich and wealthy. Therefore, they applaud the existence of the class structure seeing it as promoting effort, motivation and success. Functionalists believe strongly in the existence of a meritocracy whereby there is equality of opportunity enabling the talented to rise up from any social class to occupy societys most important and demanding roles. Functionalists believe it is appropriate and right to highly reward those in the higher social classes since they believe they are there through merit. Rewarding those at the top only serves to motivate those at the bottom more, they argue. Inequality is therefore beneficial to society and the existence of a class structure becomes functional in providing that inequality. Functionalists like the competitive values that the class structure provides and genuinely believe society is open to social mobility thereby allowing the most talented to rise to the top of society. A fluid and flexible class structure rewards individual achievement by granting the glittering prize of income and status to those who work hard. Despite class inequalities of the class structure a meritocracy offers the opportunity for anyone to get to the top. The ideas of functionalism are probably best expressed through the culture of the USA where the American Dream is the widespread goal of almost every citizen. The argument that those at the bottom are held back by structural constraints such as poor housing, poor education and general poverty is dismissed my functionalists with the argument that they are simply not trying hard enough. The view that the lower classes are held back by their cultural values of laziness and fecklessness, rather than genuine structural disadvantages, is a functionalist theme adopted subsequently by the New Right. For example, the work of US New Right theorist Charles Murray portrays those at the bottom of society, whom he refers to as an underclass, as outside the cultural values of the rest of society. He sees them embracing an alternative subculture of deviant values centred around being workshy, living off welfare and having fatalistic attitudes, for example, taking life as it comes. Whilst influential, Murrays work has come in for sustained criticism for its refusal to recognise the significance of structural factors and his dogmatic obsession of scapegoating lone mother families for societys problems. In Britain, Murrays New Right contemporary, Peter Saunders shares a similar contemptuous view of those at the bottom of the class structure. However, adopting a view similar to postmodernism he sees society as divided less along lines of class and more in terms of consumption. He calls this consumption cleavage. He argues a process of social restratification has taken place, dividing those seeking to satisfy their consumption needs through private ownership of cars, housing, private education and health care, in contrast to those reliant upon social housing, public transport, state education and health care. Saunders argues that divisions of consumption and lifestyle cut across old class lines, with consumption now influencing and shaping identity and social attitudes to a far greater extent. However, Rosemary Crompton criticizes Saunders for claiming class is dead on the one hand; yet continuing to point to occupational class as a powerful influence on income, consumption and political attitudes on the other.

The Power of Photography :: Personal Narrative

The Power of Photography I have never looked at anything as intensely as I have through the viewfinder of a camera. It may seem odd that my most intense experiences of reality have come through an artificial lens, but a camera is a close cousin to both a magnifying glass and a microscope. It is not only the ability to see things in more detail that commands our attention. It is something else, something about the art of photography that forces us to examine the world as we don’t normally do. Normally we don’t see things as they are. The familiar is forced into the background of our focus. Objects become ideas. Our couch is no longer a collection of darks and lights, patterns and textures; it is simply a couch. Have you ever found something unusual about something familiar that seems very out of place? For instance, if you find some mole or freckle on your body that you never noticed before, do you wonder if it was always there? How could I have never seen it, you may say to yourself. I look at my arm (hand, foot) every day. Here your assumptions have been challenged. The arm is no longer the arm that we imagined in our head, and it becomes disturbing. Our lives have become predictable in the sense that we see symbols instead of images, and only upon close examination do we find discrepancies between the two. Walker Percy calls this the problem of symbolic complexes. In his article â€Å"The Loss of the Creature,† he describes the loss of such grand monuments as the Grand Canyon to these complexes. He states that it is almost impossible to experience the Grand Canyon as its discoverer did because people have already formed an idea in their heads, thanks to the myriad of tourist folders, postcards, and sightseers’ manuals that they have seen before the confrontation. Instead of coming upon this great thing and admiring it for what it is, sightseers come upon it and compare it to their already formulated expectations. The whole situation is made worse, Percy says, when the tourist has a camera. In this situation, the tourist comes upon the thing to behold, takes a photograph, and leaves without ever really seeing the thing. He â€Å"waives his right of seeing and knowing,† as Percy puts it, â€Å"and records symbols for the next forty years.

Finance 3301 questions Essay

Broussard Skateboard’s sales are expected to increase by 15% from $8 million in 2012 to $9. 2 million in 2013. Its assets totaled $5 million at the end of 2012. Broussard is already at full capacity, so its assets must grow at the same rate as projected sales. At the end of 2012, current liabilities were $1. 4 million, consisting of $450,000 of accounts payable, $500,000 of notes payable, and $450,000 of accruals. The after-tax profit margin is forecasted to be 6%, and the forecasted payout ratio is 40%. Use the AFN equation to forecast Brous- sard’s additional funds needed for the coming year. Required increase in assets – Increase in spontaneous liabilities – Increase in retained earnings = AFN AFN=($5/$8)*$1. 2 – ($1. 4/$8)*$1. 2-$9. 2*6%*(1-40%)=0. 75 – 0. 21 – 0. 33=21% Chapter 10 Tony Company’s balance sheet shows $300 million in debt, $50 million in preferred stock, and $250 million in total common equity. Tony Company`s tax rate is 40%, rd =6%,rPS =5%,andrs =10%. If Tony Company get capital structure of 30% debt, 5% preferred stock, and 65% common stock, what is its WACC? Wd=30% ; Wps=5%; Ws=65% WACC=Wd*rd*(1-T)+Wps*rps+ws*rs=30%*6%(1-40%)+5%*5%+65%*10%=0. 0108+0. 000125+0. 065=7. 59% What kinds of the T-bonds is the best proxy for the risk-free rate is the yield on? Answer: A A, long-term B, short-term C, No one Chapter 11 A company creates value when the spread between EROIC and WACC is positive—that is, when Answer: B A, EROIC ? WACC = 0 B, EROIC ? WACC > 0; C, EROIC ? WACC

Using Se with Spanish Verbs To Express the English Passive Voice

If youre new to learning Spanish, you might easily be confused by some of the signs you see in a Spanish-speaking area: SE VENDEN ORO Y PLATASE SIRVE DESAYUNOSE ALQUILA Translate the words the best you can, or type them into a portable translating device, and you very well could end up with translations such as these: Gold and silver sell themselves. Breakfast serves itself. It rents itself. Se Used for Type of Passive Voice Obviously, those literal translations dont make much sense. But once you become familiar with the language, you realize that such usages of se and verbs are quite common and are used to indicate objects being acted upon without stating who or what is doing the action. That explanation might be a mouthful, but we do the same thing in English, only in a different way. For example, take a sentence such as The car was sold. Who did the selling? Out of context, we dont know. Or consider a sentence such as The key was lost. Who lost the key? Well, we probably know, but not from that sentence! In English, we call such verb usages the passive voice. It is the opposite of the active voice, which would be used in sentences such as John sold the car or I lost the shoe. In those sentences we are told who is performing the action. But in the passive voice, the subject of the sentence is acted upon by someone (or something) rather than being the one performing the action. Spanish does have a true passive voice corresponding to the English one: El coche fue vendido (The car was sold) and el zapato fue perdido (the shoe was lost) are two examples, but it isnt used nearly as much as in English. Much more common is use of the third-person reflexive verb form, which uses the pronoun se. (Dont confuse se with sà ©, which means I know or sometimes you be as a command.) Rather than saying that something is done to something, Spanish speakers have the object doing it to itself. Se Passive Shouldn't Be Translated Literally Thus, se venden oro y plata, although translated literally would mean gold and silver sell themselves, can be understood to mean gold and silver are sold or even gold and silver for sale, neither of which specify who is doing the selling. Se sirve desayuno means breakfast is served. And se alquila, which might be seen as a sign on a building or object, means simply for rent. Keep in mind that the grammatical function of such reflexive verb forms is to avoid stating who or what is performing the action, or simply to recognize that the performer of the action isnt important. And there are ways of doing that in English other than using the passive voice. As an example, look at the following sentence in Spanish: Se dice que neverà ¡. Literally, such a sentence would mean it says itself that it will snow, which doesnt make sense. Using a passive construction, we might translate this sentence as it is said that it will snow, which is perfectly understandable. But a more natural way of translating this sentence, at least in informal usage, would be they say it will snow. They here doesnt refer to specific people. Other sentences can be translated similarly. Se venden zapatos en el mercado, they sell shoes in the market (or, shoes are sold in the market).  ¿Se comen mariscos en Uruguay? Do they eat seafood in Uruguay? Or, is seafood eaten in Uruguay? Sometimes in English we also use one or an impersonal you where a Spanish speaker might use a se construction. For example, se puede encontrar zapatos en el marcado. A translation in passive form would be shoes can be found in the market. But we could also say one can find shoes in the market or even you can find shoes in the market. Or, se tiene que beber mucha agua en el desierto could be translated as one has to drink a lot of water in the desert or you have to drink a lot of water in the desert. The you in such cases doesnt mean the person being spoken to, but rather it refers to people in general. It is important to keep such meanings of English sentences in mind when translating to Spanish. You might be misunderstood if you were to use the Spanish pronoun usted to translate you in the above sentences. (It is possible to use usted or tà º to mean a kind of impersonal you as in the English sentence, but such usage is less common in Spanish than English.) Key Takeaways Reflexive verbs using se are often used to form a type of passive voice, which avoids saying directly who or what is performing the verbs action.This usage should not be translated literally to English, as that would result in phrases such as it sells itself or it lost itself.Spanish has a true passive voice that uses the form ser past participle, but it is used much less often than the English equivalent.